This course is intended for beginning and intermediate levels. This course covers basic to intermediate level information regarding astigmatism and is presented online through Eye-Courses.com.

After completing this section, the student should be able to do the following:

• Define corneal astigmatism
• Define lenticular astigmatism
• Differentiate between regular and irregular astigmatism
• Identify with the rule astigmatism refractive errors
• Identify against the rule astigmatism refractive errors
• Define simple myopic astigmatism
• Define simple hyperopic astigmatism
• Define compound myopic astigmatism
• Define compound hyperopic astigmatism
• Define mixed astigmatism
• List symptoms of astigmatism
• Identify causes of astigmatism
• Describe how the following instruments aide in detecting astigmatism: keratoscope, keratometer, corneal topographer, retinoscopy, Refractometry
• Identify with the rule astigmatism on corneal topography imaging
• Identify against the rule astigmatism on corneal topography imaging
• Describe what a Placido disk is and how it is used to detect and measure astigmatism
• List treatments for corneal astigmatism
• List treatments for lenticular astigmatism
• Identify possible complications of untreated astigmatism

This course should take approximately 1 hour to complete

This course has been approved by the AOA Commission on Paraoptometric Certification (CPC) for continuing education credit for use toward paraoptometric certification renewal.